SEED STARTING BASICS

1. How and where to shop for your seeds. Many of the large seed companies offer a free seed catalog with hundreds of diverse varieties to choose from but shopping around and comparing prices is the smart way to start. Some of the regional companies may carry varieties better suited to your area. Another great seed source is seed exchange groups on your social media platforms. These groups are full of friendly gardeners ready to trade, share, and assist you with any of your gardening questions. Don’t forget about Quapaw Nation’s Si Ho-ta Seed Library that provides a limited number of free seeds each year!
2. Anticipate some losses. Though it is good not to plant too much for your garden space, it’s also good to assume that some of your seeds will not germinate or that they will die off later. Plant a few extras, just in case.
3. Use a grow light to control light requirements. Most veggies need between 6 to 8 hours of direct sun (minimum), so it’s important to have a grow light if you are sowing your vegetable seeds indoors in late winter. A grow light will also keep your seedlings from getting too leggy.  
4. Start with clean containers. Most seed catalogs offer seedling flats, peat pots, and other growing containers, but egg cartons make good containers for the earliest stages of seed starting, too. Be sure to poke holes in the sides near the bottom of the containers you use to allow excess water to drain. Keep in mind that you might need to transplant your seedlings into larger containers at some point before moving them into the garden.
5. Label your containers now! There is nothing more frustrating than forgetting what you planted, especially when you are testing out different varieties of the same plant.
6. Some seeds require soaking, scratching, or chilling before planting, as directed on the packet.
7. Seeds sprout best at temperatures of 65 to 75°F (18-24°C). Don’t let it get too cold.
8. Rotate your seedlings. If you keep your seedlings next to a window, remember to rotate the containers every so often to keep the seedlings growing evenly. If you’re using a grow light, remember to raise it a few inches above the tallest seedling every couple of days.